Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder marked by impaired social interaction, limited communication, behavioural challenges, and a limited range of activities and interests. It has been estimated to affect 1 in 54 individuals in the United States (CDC, 2016).
Prevalence
The factors contributing to increases in reported rates of ASD are not fully understood. While increased rates may be partially explained by improved screening and diagnostic practices, researchers are also exploring the roles of various environmental and genetic risk factors. The prevalence of ASD has increased more than 150% since 2000. CDC statistics reveal that ASD is present across all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic groups.
Treatment
Currently, no treatment has been shown to cure ASD, but several interventions have been developed and studied for use with young children. These interventions may reduce symptoms, improve cognitive ability and daily living skills, and maximize the ability of the child to function and participate in the community.
The differences in how ASD affects each person means that people with ASD have unique strengths and challenges in social communication, behavior, and cognitive ability. Therefore, treatment plans are usually multidisciplinary, may involve parent-mediated interventions, and target the child’s individual needs.
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